Some cancers cluster in families, and a proportion are linked to inherited genetic mutations that meaningfully raise lifetime risk. Identifying this in advance — before any diagnosis — opens the door to earlier, more frequent screening, and in some cases, preventive strategies that can significantly reduce risk. Cancer risk assessment exists to identify who this applies to, and to guide what to do with that information.

The process begins with a detailed personal and family history — the cancers that have occurred, the ages at diagnosis, and the pattern of relationships involved — assessed against established risk models to estimate the likelihood of a hereditary cancer syndrome. Where risk appears elevated, genetic counselling is offered ahead of any testing, explaining what a specific genetic test can and can’t tell you, and what a positive, negative, or uncertain result might mean for you and your family members. If testing proceeds and identifies a relevant mutation, this directly shapes a personalised plan — the frequency and type of screening recommended, and, where appropriate, discussion of risk-reducing options.

Because the implications of genetic findings often extend beyond the individual to their wider family, counselling is approached carefully and at a pace that respects each person’s own readiness to understand and act on this information.